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Internal combustion engines are devices that generate work using the products of combustion as the working fluid rather than as a heat transfer medium. To produce work, the combustion is carried out in a manner that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or piston. The engineering of these highpressure systems introduces a number of features that profoundly influence the formation of pollutants. There are three major types of internal combustion engines in use today: (1) the spark ignition engine, which is used primarily in automobiles; (2) the diesel engine, which is used in large vehicles and industrial systems where the improvements in cycle efficiency make it advantageous over the more compact and lighter-weight spark ignition engine; and (3) the gas turbine, which is used in aircraft due to its high power/weight ratio and also is used for stationary power generation.
